Axonometric drawing device



Oct. 28, 1952 H. M. EDMUNDS 2,615,251

' AXONOMETRIC DRAWING DEVICE Filed Dec. 16, 1950 2 SHEETS--SHEET 1 FIG. I

IN VEN TOR.

MWEW

pgmaw ATTORNEY.

Oct. 28, 1952 M. EDMUNDS AXONOMETRIC DRAWING DEVICE 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Filed Dec. 16, 1950 FIG. 5

FIG. 9

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 28, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE. I l Y 2,615,251 7 I I AXONOMETRIC DRAWING DEVICE Howard M. Edmunds, New York, N. Y.

Application December 16, 1950, Serial No. 201,147,

' proportion to the components of the two directions contained indirections two firstmentioned directions.

Other'objects and advantages will appear as the description of the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate'the invention progresses and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the; appended claims.

In describing the invention in detail and the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate the invention; reference will be had to the intermediate the accompanying drawings and the several views I thereon, in which like characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views, and in which: i

Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a device embodying my inventionj Fig. 2 is an isometric view illustrating a joint used'in my invention; Fig. 3 is a perspectiveview illustrating a manual operable. member used in my invention; Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a marking device holder used in my invention; Fig. 5 is a plan view illustrating an alternative formof linkage involving my invention; Fig. 6 is a plan view similar to Fig. 5, illustrating another position of the movable parts of the device as shown by Fig. 5; Fig. 7 isanother view similar to Fig. 5 showing a still further positioning of the parts of the device as shown by Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary perspective view of 'a rear portion of the device as shown by Fig. 1, particularly illustrating a movablemember for supporting material upon which'to'produce an axonometric drawing; Fig. 9 is a rear elevational view of my invention turned to a position down backof a drafting board; Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a moving and holding means connected with the movable drawing surface of my invention. I

Those acquainted with the art of drawing and, perhaps more "fully, those acquainted with and required to interpret;rdrawings are well aware that no drawing depicts an object of three di- 4 Claims. (Cl. 33-25) 2 mensions which may be as readily visualized as a true perspective drawing. v

It is also well known that the production of a true perspective drawing of an object is a timeconsuming and. expensive task and requires very.

specially trained draftsmen.

In order to somewhat approach the virtues of a true-perspective drawing and at the same time avoid the expense thereof, many'have turned to what are known as axonometric drawings of which the one best known is that known as an isometric drawing. Axonometric drawings, and particularly isometric drawings are generally quite sufficient to enable the ordinary shop workman to visualizean object which he is directed to make from information obtained from the drawings alone. The same workman who would find a very considerable difficulty, if not an impossibility, in correctly interpreting and visualizing even the very best drawing composed of orthographic views, readily visualizes an object pictorially illustrated-by a good axonometric drawing, especially a good isometric drawing.

A great difficulty in making isometric views is the necessity for substituting ellipses in the isometric views for the rue circles .of the ortho' graphic projections. r I

My invention fundamentally is a device by which the circles of orthographic projections may be quickly and successfully transformed into the necessary ellipses of the isometric view depicting the same object as the orthographic views.

The fundamental requisite for adevice for reproducing such portions of the orthographic projections as circles, in the isometric view, as ellipses, is'that the devicewillreproduce the dimensions of theplane .figures in the isometric view along one set of parallel linesas the same dimensions as the figures [in the orthographic views, but will reproduce these same figures in the isometric view along parallelvlines at a right angleto the first mentioned parallel lines not as equal: to the dimensions of the orthographic point is used to trace the lines of an orthographic The one commonly required,

been pivotally moved to contact 12 or in any intermediate position.

If tracer point ['9 is grasped, it may be moved by pivoting of i3 andl4 and IE on pivot points 55, H, I8 and 20, without any bodily movement of member 6, in a straight line perpendicular to point also moves along those parallels, but not in an equal amount to the tracer point and, if

the tracer point is moved in any: direction intermediate the said two first mentioned directions,

then the marker point will move in accordance with the proportion of the components .ofthe;

two sets in the given direction.

The device of my invention finds its greatest usefulness as an aid in the making of axonometric drawings, particularly-isometric, althoughit is also independently useful for the making-pi ellipses, that. is, "as an ellipsograph.

A particular'preferredembodiment of my invention is illustrated in Fig. l in connection with a conventional drawing. surface. The conventlonal drawing surface is shown-as the top plane surface! of a drafting table. v I

In order to support my reproducing device in the most favorable manner, I preier- -to place brackets 2 and 3 so that'they may be attached under the table and,- preferably, project. above the table therefore so as not to interferewith anything else on the top of the table: They may be secured in any. suitable or appropriate man- Y her as by screwsinthe throughorifice 4.

The brackets 22 and 3. are used, to support what I have called an elongated support 5.-

This elongated support 5 may take many forms, but I prefer to make it in the form of .a cylindrical rod.

On the elongated support 5,1.position amemher 6. This member-- 6 receives the support}; by receiving it inorifices asfil, best shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The member 6: so fits the support 5 that it is movable freely .therealong and rotatable thereabout. Any suitable or appropriate means may be used for securing a frictionless contact between memberfi and the. support 5.,

The member 6 includes either integrally formed therewith or attachedthereto; the rod or link 8; This rod orilink 8, if made from a separate piece, may be attached to. member Gin any suitable or appropriate manner as by rivets 9andl0.' 1

The member fi also-carries limiting means.

This limiting meansis'preferably in the form of upstanding pins as [land l2 and serves to limit the movement of a'rod' I3 which is articulated "or pivoted at 20 to the member a. H

At the other end of member'- 8 a rod or link [4 ispivotedasatl5. W x;

Links l3; and I l arefconnected bya. link Hi. This link [Bis pivotedto l3 at I! andto'l l at l8 and extends beyond [4 to support atracer pointlfl. f

When links i3 and Mare parallel tov each other and to elongatedsupport 5, link I8 is. at a right angle. to bothlinks l3 and I 4'.

If tracer point I9 is grasped andmoved parallel to elongated support 5, all of the parts hereinbefore just described Will move bodily parallel to elongated support 5 regardlessof the pivoted position of links l3 and It, that'is, whetherlink l3 has been-pivotally .movedto contact H or elongated support 5. In fact, if tracer point [9 is moved in a straight line perpendicular to elongated supportdno bodily movement of member 'Of course tracer pol aiy'b 'e 'moved in any direction intermediate the directions of the set of parallels parallel to elongated support 5,

and the;,{set-of--para1lels perpendicular to elongated support 5 by acombination of a bodily movement 'of' 'member 6 along elongated support .5and a. pivoting movement of links I3, I 1 and it.

When link I l is parallel to elongated support 5","i f a perpendicular is dropped from link It to pivot point 20, then a right triangle will be formed by this line, the member '8- between the pivots I5. and 2.0, and the portion of link It intercepted between the-perpendicular and pivot point 15; Thistrianglewill not; only be a'right triangle but the sides will be in proportion to 3,

4 and-5, the 5 being'along member 8 and the 4 along link 14. 1 r v Various combinations ofqlinks will give a linkage which; will supporta tracer point such as 19, which, when mo vmg: in a straight line perpendicular -.to support 5, willnot cause bodily movement, of member 6, but I prefer, for one generally useful device, to,make the distance from pivot point. l5 to pivot point 26,15 inches; frompivotpoint 20 to pivot .point ll, 12 inches; from pivot point J5-to pivot point I8, 24 inches; from pivot point to pivot. point Ill, 9 inches; andthe -extension. of .;link J6 to the center of tracer point I9, 825 inches, The above dimensions are givennmerely as aguide and are not intended to beexclusive because the device may well .be builtin what-may be called different s1zes.

In order to reproduce. a-plan figure which is traced by tracerv point r9, ,it is necessary tohave a marking device. My preferred marking de vice is plesignated-JH. and is shown as a pencil 22 secured in a holder 23.

In order for my markerqzl to reproduce a plane figure traced by tracer l9, it must move simultaneouslywith.tracer !9.. In order to produce anaxonometriadrawing, the marker 2!, in accordance with my invention, moves withtracer l9 alonglines parallel to elongated support 5 equally with tracer 19, that is,- the complete linkage slides by means off-member 6 upon elongated support 5." In order to have marking point 2| move at a certain ratio to the distance moved by tracer l9, when is is moved either directly perpendicular to. the elon ated supportfs or in a direction including acomponentat right angles to the elongated support 5, I1 position marking point 2| at. some Point along a line drawn from pivot point [5 to, trajcerpoint '19. In accordance with the position or markingpoint 2! along the said line, the ratio between the actual dimension of the. planefigure being-traced and the reproduction along lines perpendicular to the elonax s and the length'of the minor. axis where the length of the major axis isthe same as thedi ameter of a circle traced by tracer 19; In'order to make marking point 2| properly of the motion of tracer |9, that is, move bodily therewith or at a right angle to elongated support 5, it is connectedby a pantographic' linkage with a pivot point on-member Band'a pivot point on link Hi. In Fig. 1, link |4 connects the marking point 2 with pivot point |5 on member 8, and link connnects the marking point 2|,withpivot26 onlink l6. o

I prefer the linkage connections as shown in Fig. 1, but the same resultmay be accomplished by the linkage connections as shown in Fig. 5. In this view, the elongated support is designated 28, the sliding member 29. One'link, 36, is con nected at pivot 3| and another link 32 is con nected at pivot 33. A marking point 36 is connected by link 31 with pivot point 36 online 32 and by pivot 39 and link to pivot point 46 onv extension 35. 34 is also connected to'32 by pivot 4|. v I

If the ratio of diminution of the actual dimension of the plane figure perpendicular to clon gated support 28 to be made by marker 36 need-s to be varied then the link 31 may be connected as shoWnin the figure or between pivot points 42 and 43, or 44 and 45, or* 46 and 41. That is, marking point 36 may be adjustable but in each one of its adjusted positions it lies on the line connecting pivot point 33 to tracer point 48.

Instead of connecting marking point 36 as shown, a marking point 49 may be placed on a link' 56 pivoted at 5| and connecting by pivot point 52 to a link 53 pivoted on member 29 at 54. In connection with marking point 46, it should be observed that the marking point is connected to a pivot point54 on member 29 and by a pivot point through the link 32 to link 34 and extension thereof, that is, to tracer point 48.

A marking point may also be supported on link '19, an extension of link 25,.beyond'pivot'point 80, on link 24, the other end of which is pivoted at 8|. In this case the marking point lies in the line from pivot point I5 to tracer point l9.

Fig.5 shows in dotted lines a position of some I of the links when marking point 48is moved parallel to elongated support 28. Fig. 6 shows the positionof the marking point when marking point 48 is moved in a straight line perpendicular to elongated support 28 in an upward direction and Fig. '7 shows the effect when tracer-point 48 I is moved downwardly. Both Figs. 6 and"? show that when tracer 48 is moved in a line perpendicue lar to 28, as line 90, the marking points 36 and 49 also move in straight lines as 9| and 92.

From the hereinbefore given description it is quite obvious that when tracer point 46, as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and '7, or the tracer point l9, as shown in Fig. 1, moves parallel to the elongated support, such as 5 or 28, then the marking points move parallel to the elongated support, but when the tracer point is moved at a right angleto the elongated support, the marking points also move in lines at right angles to the elongated support;

It is also obvious that if tracer points, a-s48 of- Figs. 5, 6 and 7, or IQ of Fig. 1, are moved in any other directions than parallel to or at right angles to the elongated support, the markin points'will partake of the motion of tracer point in accord-- ance with the amount of each of these directions as components in the particular direction in which the tracer point is moved. v i

In order to properly transform a circle traced by tracer point H) to an ellipse as reproduced by partake marking point 2|, the marking point"2| must follow thetracer point I9 exactly as to all dimensions along lines parallel to the elongated support 5, but as to all lines perpendicular to elonby 2|, would be in the ratio of 1 to 0.577. If an-' other form of axonometric drawings is required then the position of the marking point along the line between pivot l5 and tracer |9 must be adjusted to give the proper ratio of reduction.

The method of pivotally connecting two members is well illustrated by Fig. 2 in which I 4 is connected to 24 by a pivot 8|. The link 4 is shown as a pipe and an elliptical portion 53 is removed from the wall thereof and the end of the member 24 is bifurcated as at 54 and each end pierced and held by a rivet 8|, which is passed through the wall of link |4, both above and below the member 24.

The tracer I9 is best held by passing through a member 55 on the end of extension link 21. The tracer I9 may have a spool-like member 56 attached to it, as by screw 51. The end 55 may sweep upwardly as at '58 and terminate in a finger piece 59. If a coiled spring is positioned between a flange 6| on tracer or stylus I9 and the termina1 block 55, then the marking point 2| may be so positioned that it will not be in the same plane as the tracer point l9 when all parts areas shown in Fig. 1, but if the fingers of the hand of the operator grasp 56 and the thumb deshould also be noted that if the finger piece-59 is not depressed, tracer |9 may preliminarily follow lines on the orthographic projection without causingmarker 2| to mark, that is, tracer l9 ma be manipulated without causing any effec-' tive operation of pencil 2|. In the case of a circle. on the orthographic projection which is to be traced, it would be well to position a device such as 82 by a thumb tack as 83 at the center of the circle to be traced and then the tracer I9 placed in such position on the member 82 that "when swept about the center 82 it will properly follow the circle.

A convenient holder 23 for marker 2| is well shown in Fig. 4 in which a member 23 'is provided with a cut-away portion 62 to fit the body of the marker ZI-an'd the marker is held to 23 by the cap 63 held in place by screws as-64 and 65. I

As it may be desirable to clear thetable top for the use of other kinds of drafting instruments the entire linkage, including member 6, .may' be rotated on support 5 so that it will lie down back of the drawing board as best-shown in Fig. 9.

The apparatus as hereinbefore described is ample for the purpose of making ellipses as sometric projections of orthographic projec- In order to more'conveniently make an isometric view, it is desirable to have a means for moving the drawing surface relatively to the orthographic view.

My preferred way of moving the surface upon which the lines are made, relatively to the surface upon which the orthographic view appears, is' to support a sheet material on table top andprovide apparatus by which it may be moved perpendicular to the elongated support 5.

a drawing may be readily attached by any other proper and usual method of attaching a drawing' sheet to a fiat surface, as by adhesively applying the drawing sheet or arranging the drawing sheet by Scotch tape or the like.

I prefer to have the sheet 66 in the-form, somewhat of an ordinary window shade and passing around a roller 68 best shown in Fig. 8, mounted in brackets as 69 just as is the usual spring shade roller, except that I do away with or do not use the usual pawl.

My construction of sheet-66 and roller. 68 is such that a constant. tension is on .the sheet 66 to pull it upwardly toward elongated support 5. I resist this in my preferred form by means of a cord or string attached to the lower end of 66 and secured at the lower end of the table top I in any suitable or convenient manner, but preferably by means of a clamp ll best shown in Fig. 10. This clamp has a raised portion 72 which defines a groove 73 in which the cord 10 is placed. The cord then issues through the through orifice 14 and then passes beneath a spring leaf 15. The groove 13 guides the string '10 in a straight line at a right angle to the elongated support 5 and the spring leaf 15 holds the cord ill in adjusted position so that one may easily manipulate the cord 10 to adjust the sheet 66 to any desired position. p i

When making an isometric drawing from orthographic views, after one section'is shown I isometrically by a marking made by marking point 2i, the next isometric section must be displaced therefrom. This is accomplished by moving the sheet 66 the desired amount; sired amount may be regulated by having a suitable registration mark !6 on sheet 66 to move along and cooperate with mark 17" fixedwith respect to the orthographic projection on the sheet [8 attached to the table top I; I The several marks 11 may be placed in position so that when 76 is placed in registry with each in turn, the

sheet 66 will be moved the proper distance for each of the several sections that make'upthe axonometric or isometric view. In the case of an isometric view, the actual distance on the ortho' graphic view to the distance on the isometric view in the ratio of 1 to 0.816. I

From the hereinbefore given description" it will be understood that I have provided a device which may be used as an ellipsograph or may be used to produce the ellipses of an axonolnetric view such as an isometric view, and, of course. if the stylus or tracer, such as I9, is moved along right lines in the orthographic view, the same lines will be reproduced properly to make an isometric view. 7 1

Of course, in using applicant's device for producing an axonometric drawing, the lines corresponding to horizontal and vertical lines in the orthographic view will be placed at a proper angle. such as an angle of in case an isometric view is being made, to a line parallel to the elongated support 5.

Although I have particularly described one preferred physical embodiment of my invention and a modification thereof, nevertheless, I desire to. have it understood that the form selected is merely illustrative, but doesfnot exhaust the possible physical embodiments of the idea of means underlying my invention. I r

This de- I What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I 15A device for transmitting motion, including, in combination, an elongated support, a member positioned on and movable along and guided by said support, a first link extending from-and pivoted on said member, a second link extending from and pivoted on said member,

a third link connecting the free portions of said first two links and pivoted to each and having an extension thereof beyond the second mentioned link, a tracer point attached to said extension of said third mentioned link, the dimensions of said links being such that whensaid first and second mentioned links are parallel to each other and to the said elongated support, the third said link is at a right angle to each of the first and second mentioned links and the elongated support, the ratio of lengths of said links being, 12 units for the said first link, 24 units for the said second link, and 9 units for the said third link, and 8.25 units for the said extension, said tracer point when moved independently of any movement of said member moving in a substantially straight line perpendicular to said elon= gated support, said tracer point also movable in a line parallel to said elongated support by a movement of said member along said support, said tracer point also movable by any combination of the said 'two movements, a marking point, means for supporting and connecting said marking point with said tracer point so thatit partakes equally with the tracer point of the movement parallel to the elongated support but only a predetermined ratio of dicular to said elongated support.

2. A device for transmitting motion, including, in combination, an elongated support, a member'positioned on and movable along and guided by said support, a first link extending from and pivoted on said member, a second link extending from and pivoted on said member, athird link' ing, 12 units for the said first link, 24 units for the said second link and 9 units for the said third link, and 8.25 units for the said extension, said tracer point when moved independently of. any movement of said member moving'in a substan-- tially straight line perpendicular to 'said' elongated support, said tracer point also movable in a, line parallel to said elongated support by movement of said member along said support, and said tracer point also movable by any coma. bination of the said two movements, a marking point, a, link supporting the marking point, said .last mentioned link pivotally connected to said second mentioned link and also connected at a point separated from its connection with the second mentioned link to a pivot point on the .said' member, said marking point being positioned when the third said link is perpendicular to the said elongated support in the line drawn from the tracer point to the pivot point of the second mentioned link.

3; An. elongated support, a member supported the movement perpenby the elongated support, a first rod pivoted on said member, a second rod pivoted on said member; a third rod pivoted to both the first and second rods, the dimensions of said rods being such that when said first two rods are parallel to said elongated support, a perpendicular from said second rod to the pivot of the first rod with the said member makes with a line drawn through the pivots of the first and second rods with the said member and a line along the second rod a right angle triangle, the said perpendicular, the portion of the second rod beyond the intersection of the perpendicular with the second named rod, the first named and the third named rod forming a parallelogram, an extension of said third named rod extending beyond its pivot with the second named rod and having a tracer point attached thereto, a fourth rod pivoted to the extension of said third rod and parallel to said second named rod, a marking point, a support for said marking point, said support being a rod pivoted to said second named rod and also the said fourth rod, said marker point lying in a line from said tracer point to the pivot of said I second named rod with said member, whereby movement of the tracer parallel to said elongated support moves the marker point also parallel thereto and equally, movement of the tracer point perpendicular to the elongated support moves the marker point perpendicular to said elongated support, and movement of the tracer point at any other angle to the elongated support moves the marker point in proportion to the components of the two movements first mentioned.

4, A reproducing device, including, in combination, an elongated support, means carried by the support movable bodilyalong the support, a

first pivot on the means, a second pivot on the means, links, one pivoted to each pivot and extending in the same direction from the means,

i a third link pivotally connecting the first two REFERENCES CITED The following references'are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 406,083 Brix July 2, 1889 1,484,702 Dowling Feb. 26, 1924 1,496,889 Kay June 10, 1924 1,934,952 Shoemaker Nov. 14, 1933 2,015,368 Ryan Sept. 24, 1935 2,415,283 Hobson Feb. 4, 194'! 2,553,026 Williams et al. May 15, 1951 2,559,222 Moore July 3, 1951 

